Peas
Peas are a cool-season crop, now coming in three separate varieties to suit your garden and cooking needs. They are: Pisum savitum, which includes both garden peas (sweet pea, inedible pod) and snow peas (edible flat pod with small peas inside) and Pisum macrocarpon, snap peas (edible pod with full-size peas). They are easy to grow, but with a very limited growing season. Furthermore, they do not stay fresh long after harvest, so enjoy them while you can!
Planting
- To get the best head start, turn over your pea planting beds in the fall, add manure to the soil, and mulch well.
- As with other legumes, pea roots will fix nitrogen in the soil, making it available for other plants.
- Peas will appreciate a good sprinkling of wood ashes to the soil before planting.
- Sow seeds outdoors 4 to 6 weeks before last spring frost, when soil temperatures reach 45 degrees F. See this blog for tips on when to start planting peas.
- Plant 1 inch deep (deeper if soil is dry) and 2 inches apart.
- Get them in the ground while the soil is still cool but do not have them sit too long in wet soil. It’s a delicate balance of proper timing and weather conditions. For soil that stays wet longer, invest in raised beds.
- A blanket of snow won’t hurt emerging pea plants, but several days with temperatures in the teens could. Be prepared to plant again.
- Peas are best grown in temperatures below 70 degrees F.
- Check out this video to learn how to plant peas early while soil is cold.
Care
- Make sure that you have well-drained, humus-rich soil.
- Poke in any seeds that wash out. (A chopstick is an ideal tool for this.)
- Be sure, too, that you don’t fertilize the soil too much. Peas are especially sensitive to too much nitrogen, but they may like a little bonemeal, for the phosphorus content.
- Though adding compost or manure to the soil won’t hurt, peas don’t need heavy doses of fertilizer. They like phosphorus and potassium.
- Water sparsely unless the plants are wilting. Do not let plants dry out, or no pods will be produced.
- For tall and vine varieties, establish poles or a trellis at time of planting. Look at this video to find out how!
- Do not hoe around plants to avoid disturbing fragile roots.
- It’s best to rotate pea crops every year or two to avoid a buildup of soil-borne diseases.
Harvest/Storage
- Keep your peas well picked to encourage more pods to develop.
- Pick peas in the morning after the dew has dried. They are crispiest then.
- Always use two hands when you pick peas. Secure the vine with one hand and pull the peas off with your other hand.
- Peas can be frozen or kept in the refrigerator for about 5 days. Place in paper bags, then wrap in plastic.
- If you missed your peas’ peak period, you can still pick, dry, and shell them for use in winter soups.
NUTRITION
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)- Energy 360 kJ (86 kcal)
- Energy 339 kJ (81 kcal)
- Carbohydrates 14.45 g
- Sugars 5.67 g
- Dietary fiber 5.1 g
- Fat 0.4 g
- Protein 5.42 g
- Vitamins
- Vitamin A equiv. (5%)
- beta-carotene 38 μg
- lutein zeaxanthin (4%) 449 μg 2477 μg
- Thiamine (B1) (23%) 0.266 mg
- Riboflavin (B2) (11%) 0.132 mg
- Niacin (B3) (14%) 2.09 mg
- Vitamin B6 (13%) 0.169 mg
- Folate (B9) (16%) 65 μg
- Vitamin C (48%) 40 mg
- Vitamin E (1%) 0.13 mg
- Vitamin K (24%) 24.8 μg
- Minerals
- Calcium (3%) 25 mg
- Iron (11%) 1.47 mg
- Magnesium (9%) 33 mg
- Manganese (20%) 0.41 mg
- Phosphorus (15%) 108 mg
- Potassium (5%) 244 mg
- Sodium (0%) 5 mg
- Zinc (13%) 1.24 mg